John 6:1-14: “Jesus Miraculously Feeds The Five Thousand

By

Jim Bomkamp

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1.                  INTRO:

 

1.1.         In our last study we looked at verses 30-47 of chapter 5.

 

1.1.1.  Jesus completed defending Himself to some Jews in the temple for healing on the Sabbath a man who had a crippling disease that had lasted 38 years.

 

1.2.         In our study today, we are going to look at verses 1-14 of chapter 6.

 

1.2.1.  Jesus will leave Judea where He was defending Himself against the Jews in the temple for healing on the Sabbath and go back to Galilee.  Once there, He will cross over the Sea of Galilee with His disciples and a huge multitude will follow Him. 

 

1.2.2.  When Jesus realizes that the people are in need of food He will ask the disciples how they can meet that need, testing their faith in the things they have learned thus far from Him. 

 

1.2.3.  Jesus will then take the meager resources given to Him, bless them, multiply those resources, and using His disciples miraculously feed the 5,000 all that they would like to eat.

 

1.2.4.  This miracle of Jesus feeding the 5,000 is the only miracle that is recorded by all four of the gospel writers in their accounts of Jesus’ life.  The question as to why the miracle must be so important as to be included in each gospel perhaps has to do with :

 

1.2.4.1.What it reveals of Jesus’ power and glory, and His ability to provide for our every need.

 

1.2.4.2.This miracle and the first miracle in which Jesus turned water into wine are the only miracles where Jesus did not just make correct something that had already existed before, but rather created something that hadn’t previously existed.

 

1.2.4.3.This miracle revealed Jesus power over nature. 

 

1.2.4.4.This was the most public of Jesus’ miracles in which He performed.  On this day thousands saw and personally experienced this incredible miracle which He performed.

 

2.                 VS 6:1  - After these things Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee (or Tiberias). -  Jesus goes with His disciples to the other side of the Sea of Galilee

 

2.1.         The phrase ‘after these things’ is John’s typical vehicle he employs for transitioning to the next story or teaching that He wants to introduce.

 

2.2.         The setting of this incredible miracle of Jesus’ feeding of the 5,000 is the west side of the Sea of Galilee, Sea of Geneserett, or the Sea of Tiberias, all of which are different names used in the scriptures for the same body of water.

 

2.3.         The New Bible Dictionary has the following entry for the city of Tiberias (from which the lake was named) near where this miracle of Jesus took place (John 6:23) :

“TIBERIAS.  A city on the W shore of the Sea of *Galilee which subsequently gave its name to the lake.  It was founded by Herod Antipas about ad 20 and named after the emperor Tiberius.  The principal factors influencing Herod’s choice of site seem to have been: (1) a defensive position represented by a rocky projection above the lake; (2) proximity to some already-famous warm springs which lay just to the S.  Otherwise, the site offered little, and the beautiful buildings of the city (which became Herod’s capital) rose on ground that included a former graveyard, and so rendered the city unclean in Jewish eyes.

Tiberias is mentioned only once in the Gospels (Jn. 6:23; ‘sea of Tiberias’ appears in Jn. 6:1; 21:1), and there is no record of Christ ever visiting it.  It was a thoroughly Gentile city, and he seems to have avoided it in favour of the numerous Jewish towns of the lake shore.  By a curious reversal, however, after the destruction of Jerusalem it became the chief seat of Jewish learning, and both the Mishnah and the Palestinian Talmud were compiled there, in the 3rd and 5th centuries respectively.

Of the towns which surrounded the Sea of Galilee in NT times, Tiberias is the only one which remains of any size at the present day.”

 

 

2.4.         This graphic from the Logos Bible map set shows that Tiberias is located just to the west of the Sea of Galilee :

 

2.5.         As was mentioned, in Luke 9:10 Luke includes in his account of this story that this feeding actually occurred not in Tiberias but near the city of “Bethsaida,” and Easton’s Bible Dictionary has the following entry for this city of “Bethsaida” :

Bethsaidahouse of fish. (1.) A town in Galilee, on the west side of the sea of Tiberias, in the “land of Gennesaret.” It was the native place of Peter, Andrew, and Philip, and was frequently resorted to by Jesus (Mark 6:45; John 1:44; 12:21). It is supposed to have been at the modern ‘Ain Tabighah, a bay to the north of Gennesaret.

(2.) A city near which Christ fed 5,000 (Luke 9:10; comp. John 6:17; Matt. 14:15–21), and where the blind man had his sight restored (Mark 8:22), on the east side of the lake, two miles up the Jordan. It stood within the region of Gaulonitis, and was enlarged by Philip the tetrarch, who called it “Julias,” after the emperor’s daughter. Or, as some have supposed, there may have been but one Bethsaida built on both sides of the lake, near where the Jordan enters it. Now the ruins et-Tel.

2.6.         Since John 6:23 tells us that it was near Tiberias that the people ate the bread (where the feeding of the 5,000 happened) and Luke 9:10 tells us that this occurred in Bethsaida, then their must have been a city named Bethsaida on the west side of the lake near Tiberias where Jesus performed this miracle.

 

2.7.         The word “Bethsaida” means “House of Fishing.”  The Son of God brought those whom He was training to be “fishers of men” to the “House of Fishing” in order to reveal to them His power and glory and ability to provide all that they ever will need when He sends them out one day to fish for men.

 

3.                 VS 6:2-4  - And a great multitude was following Him, because they were seeing the signs which He was performing on those who were sick.  And Jesus went up on the mountain, and there He sat with His disciples.  Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. -  John tells us that a great multitude was following Jesus at this time because of the signs that He was performing, and Jesus went up on a mountain with His disciples

 

3.1.         John tells us that ‘the Passover, the feast of the Jews’ was at hand at this time, so some time had elapsed since the events of chapter 5 that occurred during some unnamed feast (thought though to be the feast of Pentecost that occurs 50 days after the Passover).

 

3.2.         The other gospels tell us of many things had occurred prior to this miracle, including :

 

3.2.1.  Jesus appointed the twelve apostles and commissioned them on their first intern missionary journey.

 

3.2.2.  Obviously, the disciples had seen Jesus perform many incredible and wonderful miracles by this point in time.

 

3.2.3.  Matthew and Mark, in their account of this miracle of feeding the 5,000 say that the multitude had sought out Jesus and that He had compassion on the crowds and healed their sick, and that He saw that they were as sheep without a shepherd, so He spent the entire day teaching the people many things about the kingdom of God. 

 

3.2.4.  Mark says that the disciples came to Jesus and suggested that they send the multitude away in the cities so that they could buy food since they were hungry.  Jesus then said to them, “You give them something to eat.”

 

3.3.         Notice here that the people were following Jesus not because they wanted to know and follow Him, nor because they were sincerely seeking after Him to see if He might indeed be the Messiah.  People in the general sense have not changed.  The people on this day were seeking Jesus merely because they had seen or heard of the many signs He had performed and they were curious and hoping to receive something from Him, and they weren’t disappointed. 

 

4.                 VS 6:5-7  - Jesus therefore lifting up His eyes, and seeing that a great multitude was coming to Him, said to Philip, ‘Where are we to buy bread, that these may eat?’  And this He was saying to test him;  for He Himself knew what He was intending to do.  Philip answered Him, ‘Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, for everyone to receive a little’. -  Jesus sees the great multitude coming to Him and asks Philip where they could buy bread for all of the people to eat, and Philip tells him that 200 denarii would be sufficient for everyone to receive some bread

 

4.1.         In both Matthew’s and Mark’s account of this miracle performed by Jesus they mention that Jesus had “compassion” on the people and thus He wanted to feed them (Matt. 14:14; Mark 6:34).  However, one of the interesting aspects of John’s gospel is that he never mentions that the Lord had “compassion” upon anyone.  John does not include Jesus having compassion because His theme in his gospel is to reveal the divinity and glory of the Son of God, more so than His humanity.

 

4.2.         In Matthew’s account of this miracle, Matthew 14:15-21, he tells us how this incident developed bringing out that the disciples came to Jesus asking Him to send the multitude away so that they could go to the villages in the area and buy food but Jesus told them to give the people food, “As evening approached the disciples came to Him and said, "This is a remote place and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food." Jesus replied, "They do not need to go away. You give them something to eat."

 

4.3.         In John’s account in this gospel, Jesus is shown as seeing the great multitude coming to Him, and then testing Philip by asking the question as to where they can buy bread for all of the people to eat? 

 

4.4.         Jesus knew all along that He would miraculously provide for the multitudes.  However, it states here that what Jesus was doing in asking Philip about what they should do was ‘to test him.’  Jesus wanted to know if Philip had learned anything from seeing Him perform the many miracles that He had already performed.  Had Philip learned to look to the Lord for his provision and help in every situation?  Had he learned that nothing shall be impossible for the Lord to perform?  Had he learned that Jesus is moved with compassion and will meet every need that we have if we will but bring that need to him (Philippians 4:19, “19 And my God will supply all your needs according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus.”) ?

 

4.4.1.  By the way, O’ Christian, is it not the Lord’s way to teach us something about Himself and His ways and then not too long afterward arrange an opportunity for us to reveal whether or not we have learned the lesson He has to teach us or not?  Then, until we learn that lesson we keep having to be put in similar situations until we finally apply in our life the lesson that the Lord has taught us.   Often times we Christians have to learn the same lessons over and over and over again.  Sometimes when we think we have mastered in our life the application of some lesson from the Lord we fail yet again much later and have to yet again relearn that lesson.  Through all of our failures though the Lord remains 100% faithful to us.  

 

4.5.         With cold calculation Philip states that even 200 denarii (a silver Roman coin the equivalent in Jesus’ day to a day’s wages) could not buy enough food for this entire crowd of 5,000 men.  Philip is thinking that if they were to buy just enough food for each person here to have one small fillet of fish and a tiny piece of bread this would cost the wages of 200 men.  It is obvious from his response that Philip didn’t think for a minute to look to Heaven’s resources to provide for the peoples’ needs, rather he was looking only to the physical world and human resources to meet this need.  Thus, on this day he failed the test the Lord put before Him. 

 

4.6.         Jesus is coninually seeking to teach His disciples that they need to look to God always and in all things to provide everything that they need.  Nothing is too difficult for the Lord to do!  The disciples would need this lesson for the rigorous and impossible task later given to them of preaching the gospel to all of creation.

 

4.7.         We as Christians need to be redirected away from looking to the material world and the wisdom and resources of men.  The first place we should look for resources should be to heaven.  Our God is infinite and omnipotent, in control of all of the physical world, and He is aware of our every need.  Jesus says in the gospel of Luke that even the hairs of our head are all numbered. 

 

4.8.         Every task performed in the operation of the church should be approached prayerfully, looking to heaven for guidance, effectual working through the Holy Spirit, and providence.  Unfortunately, the church has looked so often to man’s resources instead of simply looking to heaven for all of God’s infinite resources.  Its no wonder that the church in America today should largely be lukewarm in her love and commitment to the Lord and the commission He has put before her. 

 

4.9.         The church today for the most part has lost its power, and through embracing humanistic based concepts the very existence of Christianity is in jeopardy unless the church repents and gets back to looking to heaven’s resources, and to the word of God for truth.

 

5.                 VS 6:8-9  - One of His disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to Him, ‘There is a lad here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are these for so many people?’ -  Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, tells Jesus that he has found a young lad who as 5 barley loaves and 2 fish

 

5.1.         Andrew seemed on this day to have just a glimpse of Jesus multiplying the meager resources that this young lad had to feed the 5,000 people, yet he seems almost to have mentioned what the lad had with a bit of sarcasm, since it seemed completely absurd to him to consider that Jesus could or would perform such a miracle.  However, Jesus chose to use the little that Andrew had, in faith and in substance, to feed this vast multitude miraculously.

 

5.2.         In the scriptures we see that it was often the case that the Lord used meager resources that were presented by His people to Him when He performed His miraculous wonders : 

 

5.2.1.  In 1 Sam. 17:50, young David had only a sling and a small smooth stone which when submitted to the Lord were used by Him to slay the Philistine giant.   

 

5.2.2.  In Exod. 15:25, when the children of Israel were thirsty Moses threw a tree into the bitter waters of Marah and the Lord used that tree to make the waters become sweet so that the people of Israel could drink them. 

 

5.2.3.  In 2 Kings 6:6 when the prophets were building a house for themselves and cutting down trees for this an axe head fell into a pond and Elisha threw a stick into a pond and the Lord used that stick to cause the axe head to float so that it could be retrieved. 

 

5.2.4.  In Judges 7 it was clay pitchers, torches and trumpets that Gideon used when the Lord delivered Israel from the Midianites.  Gideon had the people place torches inside of the pitchers and then strike and break the pitchers at the right moment and blow the trumpets the noise and brightness of which caused the Midianites to flee and then begin to strike each other down with the sword.  The Israelites then just followed behind the Midianites and slew the ones fighting against each other. 

 

5.3.         In all cases, the means which was the Lord used wasn’t what brought about great deliverance for Israel, it was the Lord, and He used whatever means were lifted up and submitted to Him.

 

5.4.         Whenever we Christians come to God with the little that we have, and ask God to use it to bless others with it, God does far beyond what we could have thought possible.  This is such a key in ministry.  God is not looking for men, women, or children with ability, He is looking for people who are simply available for Him to use them.  And, use them He does, as the men and women of God in history past so often remind us.

 

6.                 VS 6:10  - Jesus said, ‘Have the people sit down’.  Now there was much grass in the place.  so the men sat down, in number about five thousand. -  Jesus has the disciples make the people sit down in the grass, and there were 5,000 men numbered with them

 

6.1.         If there were 5,000 men present on this day it is not unreasonable to assume that with women and children that this crowd could have consisted of upwards of 20,000 people total.

 

6.2.         Mark records that Jesus had the people sit down in groups of a hundred and fifty.  God is a God of order and all things are to be done decently and in order (1 Cor. 14:33,40), thus Jesus told His disciples to seat the people in groups of a hundred and fifty.

 

6.3.         God in His providence had provided a big grassy area for this day and this very large group to be able to sit comfortably, thus Jesus tells His disciples to have the people sit.

 

6.4.         There is symbolism in the fact that the Lord had the people sit for it is only when we sit that we are able to receive from the Lord.  We as God’s people have to stop working and stop moving and sit before Him before we can come to learn from Him.  Also, in Ephesians 2:5-6 Paul tells us as Christians that we are seated with Christ in the heavenlies, “5 even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), 6 and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus.”

 

6.5.         We have seen already in our study of John that the number 5 symbolizes grace, and it is 5,000 men plus many women and children who experience God’s grace firsthand on this day.

 

7.                 VS 6:11-14  - Jesus therefore took the loaves;  and having given thanks, He distributed to those who were seated;  likewise also of the fish as much as they wanted.  And when they were filled, He said to His disciples, ‘Gather up the leftover fragments that nothing may be lost’.  And so they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the barley loaves, which were left over by those who had eaten.  When therefore the people saw the sign which He had performed, they said, ‘This is of a truth the Prophet who is to come into the world’. -  Jesus blesses the loaves and the fish and distributes them to those who are seated and when everyone is filled He has the disciples gather up the leftover fragments and there were 12 baskets left over

 

7.1.         The liberal theologians of our day teach that Jesus didn’t really miraculously multiply these loaves and fish but rather when the multitude saw the generosity of this young lad who was willing to share his loaves and fish that each one of them pulled out their own fish and bread which they had been hiding somewhere in their tunics and began to share with each other.  However, to believe and teach this is to dishonor our Lord and fail to see what the scriptures clearly teach concerning our Lord and His glory and power to provide all that we will ever need.

 

7.2.         Mark records that Jesus gave the fish and the bread to the disciples, who then gave the pieces to the multitude to eat.  This seems to me to be a symbol of how the church operates.  Jesus blesses His us His ministers, and from that abundance, we then minister to others.  

 

7.3.         Notice here that Jesus’ disciples may not have great faith and hadn’t yet learned the lesson of looking to heaven’s resources, however they were obedient to Jesus here when commanded to have the people to sit down and then when told to distribute to the people the fish and bread which Jesus multiplied.  All of heaven’s blessings come to us through the channel of obedience.  Trust and obey is what a Christian must learn to do.

 

7.4.         Jesus had already appointed His twelve apostles, since all of the gospel writers agree that they picked up twelve baskets full of the pieces.  This would also correlate with the chronological order most admit for the other gospels as they relate how and when Jesus appointed these men.

 

7.5.         Notice here that each one in this vast crowd of people ate until he/she was ‘filled.’  When God blesses His people He overflows His blessings to them.  God abundantly blesses His servants when they look for Him to provide.  There may not be great financial blessings, for God also seeks to keep us in a humble position, but spiritually speaking we receive an abundance of spiritual blessings when we look to Him to provide.  Peter wrote about how that we Christians are stewards of the “manifold grace of God” we have received:  1 Peter 4:10, “10 As each one has received a special gift, employ it in serving one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God.”

 

7.6.         Jesus tells the disciples to pick up the fragments that none may be lost, and this seems to be done primarily for the purpose of displaying for all to see the greatness of this miracle, and to emphasize the depths and quality of heaven’s resources.  The fact that 12 baskets full of fragments were picked up by the disciples brought home personally to each disciple the lesson of Jesus’ power and glory.

 

7.7.         Some people have said that Jesus told them to pick up the fragments in order to discipline the disciples never to be wasteful and thus poor stewards of heaven’s provision, and this is an important lesson for all to learn!

 

7.8.         At the www.gracethroughtruth.com website they list the following symbolism found in this story of the feeding of the 5,000 by Jesus:  And so in these miraculous feedings, we see the gospel story told in a truly practical manner. By giving us His Son, our God brings life to all His people Jew and Gentile, completely satisfying our spiritual hunger and sustaining us through the power of His Word. Interesting that bread is a carbohydrate, a type of food that instantly energizes us, while fish, being protein gives us staying power.”

 

8.                 CONCLUSIONS:

 

8.1.         As we consider this story and how to apply it to our lives, I would ask you to remember to look to heaven’s resources to meet your needs, not look on the horizontal plane and to the wisdom and resources of man.  Jesus promises to meet all of our needs when we place Him first in our lives (Matthew 6:33, “33 But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.”), are you going to trust Jesus fully and take Him at His word?

 

8.2.         Remember that heaven’s blessings are received via the channel of obedience.  As you trust in the Lord to provide for you be sure to also be obedient to all that He states in His word.

 

8.3.         Before you act or decide take a second to think about what you know about how the Lord has shown Himself faithful and powerful on your behalf in the past.  Don’t forget the great things that the Lord has done.

 

8.4.         Never be like Pharaoh of Egypt who in Exod. 7-9 saw the incredible workings of the Lord’s hand in the many plagues wrought through Moses and Aaron who asked him to allow the Israelites to go and sacrifice to their God, yet in spite of all he saw he hardened his heart towards the Lord and refused to fear the Lord.

 

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